Les poinçons français : Or, argent et platine, de 1275 à nos jours

The famous heads of Minerva and the eagle are not the only hallmarks stamped on precious metals. With over two thousand drawings reproducing the details of each hallmark, this book helps identify the marks applied to gold and silverware and jewellery since the Middle Ages.

It deciphers the emblems, symbols, initials, dates and names that appear on these hallmarks. After presenting the master, guild, charge and discharge hallmarks used under the Ancien Régime, it reviews the hallmarks in use since the Revolution. A final section discusses the marking rules, which determine the location of the hallmark depending on the object.